Facial feminization surgery refers to a set of procedures to alter facial features to make them look more feminine. This includes, but is not limited to, forehead contouring (brow bone reduction), jawline enhancement, brow lift, and cheek & lip augmentation. Since many facial features such as brow, eyebrow, eyes, jaw, chin, and lips reflect sex differences, these procedures can help transgender women feel more closely matched with the gender identity they belong to (rather than the sex they were assigned at birth. Facial feminization surgery refers to a set of procedures to alter facial features to make them look more feminine. This includes, but is not limited to, forehead contouring (brow bone reduction), jawline enhancement, brow lift, and cheek & lip augmentation. Since many facial features such as brow, eyebrow, eyes, jaw, chin, and lips reflect sex differences, these procedures can help transgender women feel more closely matched with the gender identity they belong to (rather than the sex they were assigned at birth. 

A chemical peel is a cosmetic skin procedure in which a chemical solution is applied to the skin to peel the damaged outer layers and stimulate the growth of new skin that is more youthful, brighter, and smoother. Considering the level of penetration, there are three types of chemical peels; light, mild, and deep. The durability of the results depends on the type of peel, among which deep peel is almost permanent but is quite rare. A light peel is the most common one and usually, 3 to 6 treatment sessions with 1-2 months intervals are needed for best results. Results last 1-2 months in the beginning but may last up to 6 months after repeated sessions.

Eyelid retraction surgery corrects an upper or lower eyelid retraction, a condition in which the upper eyelid is displaced upward or the lower eyelid is displaced downward, exposing the sclera (white part of the eye) in a normal position, and giving a bulging, surprised look. Besides changes in appearance, significant lid retraction can be very uncomfortable and bring about various complications. The surgery to correct retraction could be performed on both upper and lower lids. While asymmetry in lower lids is very uncommon, upper lid surgery may require a touch-up in some cases to improve the symmetry.

Buccal fat removal is a minor surgical procedure done inside the mouth to remove the cheek (buccal) fat pad in order to slim down the lower cheeks and make the face thinner and highlight the bone structure for those who are unhappy about their plump face. The results of a buccal fat removal are permanent and the fat removed will not grow back, however, excessive weight gain may cause the results to appear less effective.

Brow bone reduction is a procedure that reduces the prominence of the forehead bone (frontal bossing) along the brow line and improves the forehead contours to create a smoother and more gently sloped forehead. It may be done alone or as part of a facial feminization surgery, accompanied by a hairline lowering or a brow lift. Different surgical techniques may be used in brow bone reduction depending on several factors, including brow bone prominence, sinus wall thickness, and sinus and forehead size. although the surgery involves an incision, it usually remains no prominent scar since the incision can be concealed in the hairline.

Earlobe repair surgery is done to restore the appearance of an earlobe that has been torn or malformed due to piercing, use of ear gauges, trauma, etc. People with stretched earlobes are usually advised to wait a while for the earlobe to shrink on its own in the absence of earrings before having surgery. Earlobe surgery can also help with closing a no longer desired piercing. It takes about 1 hour, and both earlobes could be repaired in one visit if needed.

Cleft Lip Repair is a reconstructive plastic surgery for newborn babies that repairs a cleft lip, a congenital opening in the upper lip, which involves the closing of the cleft and stitching it with sutures. A cleft lip could be detected as early as 16 weeks into the pregnancy and will be confirmed at birth. However, the surgery to fix this issue is usually done in the first few months and the best time is when the child is 3 to 6 months old. 

Laser tattoo removal is the most common method to remove unwanted tattoos. It’s done by targeting the ink particles under the skin with highly concentrated light waves to break them down into smaller pieces, making it easier for the body to remove them. Tattoos containing several colors may need to be treated by various lasers and different wavelengths. Unlike surgical removal, this procedure does not completely remove the tattoo but makes it significantly lighter and less noticeable. However, several sessions are required to achieve the best results. You’ll usually need 6 to 8 treatment sessions with intervals of 6-8 weeks.

A cheek lift is a procedure that lifts cheeks or the midface area and is used to treat sunken cheeks, sagging midface, and signs of aging on the face. A cheek lift may be combined with a cheek augmentation procedure to bring about bolder results. Besides people with sunken cheeks and a tired aged look, a cheek lift could be a helpful option for those with prominent smile lines. The results may last for 10 years and even more.

Sliding genioplasty is a surgical procedure to reshape the chin by cutting and repositioning the chin bone (mandible). The surgeon makes an incision inside the mouth to avoid visible scars and then slides the chin bone forward, backward, up, or down to improve facial proportions or correct abnormalities. The bone is fixed in place using screws and plates, and recovery typically involves some swelling and discomfort. This procedure can enhance facial harmony and provide more balanced facial aesthetics.

Hand rejuvenation refers to a set of cosmetic procedures done to improve the appearance of hands and decrease their signs of aging, ranging from dermal fillers and fat injection to laser therapy and sclerotherapy. People can choose to have one or more procedures. While dermal fillers and fat grafting can greatly contribute to decreasing wrinkles by compensating for the lost volume and inducing collagen production, laser treatments and chemical peels help reduce pigmentation, and sclerotherapy deals with reducing the bulging appearance of the veins. However, a combination of these procedures could bring about the best result. 

Calf implant surgery is a procedure that involves inserting special implants, usually made of silicon, into the calves (back of the lower legs) through a small incision to make them look fuller and more pronounced. Calf implants are usually used for aesthetic purposes to provide more muscular shapelier calves, however, they may also serve as part of a reconstructive procedure or gender-affirmation surgery. The result is long-lasting and often permanent. However, you can remove the implants if you’re no longer interested or replace them with new ones at any time. Scarring from calf implant surgery is usually minimal and well-hidden.

A back lift is a surgical procedure to address loose, sagging skin of the back, which is usually sought by people who are left with such a condition after massive weight loss or pregnancy. There are two types of back lifts including the bra-line back lift and the vertical back lift. A bra-line back lift addresses the upper back, midback, and waist through an incision made along the line where a bra band is usually placed. However, a vertical lift addresses the back and stomach through a vertical incision running from the top of the hip bones to the arm bones. The final result will show up in about 6 months and is considered to be permanent.

Laser resurfacing is a procedure using ablative or non-ablative lasers to improve the appearance and texture of the skin, used to treat age spots, acne scars, fine lines and wrinkles, crow’s feet, sagging skin, uneven skin tone, warts, etc. Ablative lasers resurface the skin by removing the top layer, while non-ablative lasers cause vascular lesions to shrink away and stimulate collagen production. The number of required sessions depends on the severity of the concern. You may achieve the desired result in a single session without having to repeat the procedure for years. Yet, more severe issues may need several monthly or yearly sessions.

Nipple/areola reduction is a surgical procedure to decrease the size and improve the appearance of a nipple and/or areola, used for people who are unhappy with their protruding nipples and/or too large areolas. The surgery includes circular concentric incisions around the areola and removing the excess pigmented skin to form the desired areola size and symmetry. The results are significant and immediate, however, the final outcome will appear when the swelling and bruising subside and tends to last for a lifetime. The recovery is quite short and you can go back to work in 1 or 2 days.

Breast implant removal is a procedure to take out breast implants due to reasons such as developing complications or personal preferences. After the implant removal surgery, breasts can find their initial size and shape. However, the removal usually comes with breast sagging since the stretched skin caused by the implants may not completely shrink. Therefore, many people choose to combine the removal procedure with a breast lift. Breast implant removal usually doesn’t leave new scars as the incisions are made along the ones made in the primary augmentation surgery.

Laser hair removal is a popular hair removal method in which laser light is focused on the skin to damage the hair follicles, preventing or delaying future hair growth. It is a minimally invasive method that can result in permanent hair removal if done properly. Several treatment sessions, usually about 4 to 6 sessions with intervals of 6 weeks, are needed for maximum results. You may need yearly appointments to maintain the desired results.

Strabismus surgery is an eye procedure that involves adjusting the eye muscles to correct the misalignment of the eyeballs, a condition known as strabismus or ‘crossed eyes’. Strabismus treatment surgery can be performed on infants as young as 4 months as well as children and adults of older ages. However, after evaluating the condition thoroughly and investigating the underlying reasons, it is best to do the surgery as soon as possible.

A root canal is a procedure for treating an infection that has spread to the root of the tooth, infecting its blood vessels and nerves. It involves the removal of the infected dental pulp, disinfection, and filling of the hollow space to save the tooth. Teeth receiving root canal therapy can usually go on for 10 to 15 years. Root canal’s durability can increase, even working for a lifetime if the treated teeth are also crowned.

Scar revision refers to a range of procedures to remove or reduce the appearance of scars on the body and make them blend with the surrounding skin tone and texture. Scar revision treatments could be also corrective to improve an itchy scar or restore the proper function of the body. Depending on the scar type, different revision techniques could be used. Keloid scars can be treated using steroid injection followed by surgical removal if needed. Hypertrophic scars may heal on their own or through steroid application. Contracture scars, often resulting from burns, could be treated using skin grafting, flap surgery, or Z-plasty.